Maritime Transportation

Advantages of sea transportation

Undoubtedly, anyone who has experience in exporting and importing, understands well the importance of transportation. According to the amount and volume of the shipment, the country of the seller and the country of the buyer and many other issues of determining the type of international transportation become significant.
Due to the high volume of maritime exchanges and cargo transportation from inside and outside as well as passenger transportation, codifying and knowing some of the main laws related to maritime transportation can be a good guide for the activists in the fields of export and import and commerce.
The fourth chapter of sea transportation laws is related to sea freight laws, and mentioning some points from this chapter can be helpful and helpful.

First, let’s define some concepts.

A sea waybill is defined as follows:

A sea waybill refers to a document that contains the full details of the cargo. The bill of lading must be signed by the master of the ship or the driver who receives the cargo, and according to this bill of lading, the master of the ship undertakes to transport the cargo to the destination and deliver it to the recipient.

A sea waybill is also a receipt of cargo.

Writing the bill of lading, the correctness of the bill of lading is very important. At the time of writing the bill of lading, it is necessary to mention the number of packages along with a summary of the type of goods, the owner of the goods, the net weight and the gross weight of the goods, as well as the voyage number, container number, ship name, bill of lading number, port of origin and destination port and conditions. Purchase (Incoterms) must be specified.

Sea shipping has advantages over other types of international shipping. The cost of sea transportation is somewhat lower than air transportation and land transportation, and sea transportation of goods and cargoes is economically more economical.

Second, it is possible to move cargo with a large volume and weight in sea transportation. Sea transportation does not have a limit for loads with a large volume and weight. Even loads weighing 500,000 tons can be moved by sea transportation with complete security and without damage to the cargo.

In general, some of the advantages of sea transportation can be stated as follows:
1) Shipping by sea is more cost-effective than other methods, and this is the reason why most of the owners of goods and commercial companies prefer to transport their goods by open water. It can be said that the largest volume of trade and transportation is carried out through the sea and open waters.

2) Another benefit of this method is the fixed fare rate. Because the fare rate is determined by the transport companies and it is almost a fixed rate that everyone is required to comply with whether they like it or not.

Of course, there are also free ships that determine the rate by agreement with the owner of the goods and the shipping company, which of course are exceptions.

3) Another advantage of international sea transportation is the transportation of high-volume goods. As mentioned above, relatively heavy cargoes up to 200,000 to 500,000 tons can be easily moved by a ship from one port to another on international sea routes through open waters.
4) Another advantage of this method is that the reliability and safety factor of transportation through open waters is much higher than land transportation. Because those who transport the goods are obliged to comply with international transport standards and laws. And the buyer and seller must comply with Incoterms. This method is largely risk-free and the goods are not damaged in almost all cases, in addition, insurance companies cover the risk of attacks on these ships to some extent by insuring cargo ships.
Of course, the main drawback of transporting goods by sea is the time to deliver the goods to the destination, which is much longer than air and land transportation. Obviously, if time is important to you, this method of transportation is not recommended.

Maritime trade

Iran’s maritime transport, which is responsible for transporting more than 90% of imported and exported goods, was one of the first sectors of Iran’s economy to be affected and damaged by international sanctions.

At that time, the conditions for the activity of this sector became more difficult due to the insurance embargo imposed on ships and shipping lines cooperating with Iran. However, the effects of the lifting of sanctions and the JCPOA also affected Iran’s maritime transport and ports earlier than other sectors, and from the very first days of the JCPOA’s implementation, the activities in Iran’s ports took on a different color and conditions became better every day. With the cancellation of shipping sanctions and the lifting of all the restrictions that were bothering Iran’s shipping industry, most of the world’s major shipping lines that had moved from Iranian ports have returned to Iran and reopened their offices and agencies. Foreign news agencies have also reported the increase in the desire of foreign companies active in the field of insurance to return and cooperate with Iran. This issue was also approved by the deputy of the Central Insurance of Iran, so that in addition to all the cooperations that have started, the Central Insurance of Iran has signed a bilateral cooperation memorandum with the reinsurance companies of 7 foreign countries, which has already started.

Signing an insurance cooperation agreement with 7 countries

According to the report of Ekhtaz Online, quoting from Iran, the vice president of reinsurance of the Central Insurance of Iran said: After the implementation of the JCPOA, the insurance sanctions of the United Nations and the European Union (except for special cases) have been canceled. Therefore, providing insurance coverage and reinsurance for the risks in Iran and the Iranian government is allowed. Also, OFAC sanctions related to insurance institutions, including the Central Insurance of the Islamic Republic of Iran, have been lifted, and the names of Iranian insurance institutions are not on the list of sanctions.

In addition, international P&D clubs that operate in the field of shipping liability insurance have also started their cooperation with Iran, so both domestic lines and vessels and foreign lines and vessels can easily purchase the insurance coverage they need. In recent months, 50 of the 73 vessels of the National Oil Tanker Company of Iran and 11 of the 137 vessels of the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Fleet and its subsidiaries have been able to obtain insurance from the international IG clubs. This issue indicates that the P&D insurance sanctions of vessels have been lifted and the possibility of obtaining these covers from the European markets has been provided.

In the post-sanction period, Kish Mutual Insurance Institute, which is an Iranian P&D club that was formed during the sanctions period, was able to receive the necessary permits from Italy, Spain, and Belgium to travel to European ports, and recently the same permit from Panama and Cyprus as well. He has concluded that this is one of the positive points of the JCPOA.

After the lifting of insurance sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran, many brokers and reinsurers of the European insurance market, including England, France, Germany, Switzerland and Greece, as well as the insurance market of East Asia, especially Japan and South Korea, requested to meet with Iranian insurance companies. they did So far, some of the risks of oil and energy, aircraft and reinsurance contracts have been accepted by some European reinsurance companies, which is considered a positive development.

The deputy of the Central Insurance of Iran in response to the question that in addition to the removal of insurance barriers, the Central Insurance of Iran has signed bilateral cooperation agreements and memorandums of understanding with which countries in the field of reinsurance? He stated: In recent months, bilateral cooperation has started with major reinsurance companies from France, England, Switzerland, Lithuania, Greece, Japan and Germany.

Maritime transport in the Caspian Sea basin

Sea transportation of all kinds of iron, grains, boards, wood, industrial bulk cargo, coke, cement, clinker, iron ore, general goods, project equipment, containers and cars
Regular shipping lines for export goods from the northern ports of the country to the foreign ports of the Caspian Sea
Offering highly competitive ocean freight rates
Providing the best and easiest conditions for sea transportation of all kinds of goods / issuance of standard waybills
Providing free advice to respected owners of goods in order to safely, quickly and cheaply transport goods in the Caspian Sea area
Exemption from payment of 10% duty on freight of imported goods
Receiving freight for export goods in the form of 100% Riyals
Ships under the class of recognized maritime classification institutions, with insurance coverage and experienced, expert and efficient staff
Providing standard 20 and 40-foot dry and 40-foot refrigerated containers in all domestic and foreign ports of the Caspian Sea.
Regular, reliable, fast and standard sea transportation of all kinds of goods
Carrying container cargo as LINER FULL and DOOR-TO-DOOR
Shipping and renting 20 and 40 feet dry containers
Transporting transit cargo from the ports of Far Asia and the Persian Gulf to the CIS countries and vice versa
Transportation of cargoes and all kinds of oil products in the Caspian Sea
Carrying out representative affairs of foreign ships:
Tankers and general cargo ships in the northern ports of Iran
Domestic branches in all northern ports of Iran
Foreign offices in the ports of Astrakhan and Aktau
A unique information network in order to announce the cargo and ship status to the respected owners of the goods
Marine shipping lines
From: Anzali, Astara, Nowshahr, Faridunknar and Amirabad ports to:
Port of Astrakhan / Russian Federation
Port of Makhachkala / Russian Federation
Port of Aktau / Republic of Kazakhstan
Port of Baku / Republic of Azerbaijan
Bandar Turkmenbashi / Republic of Turkmenistan
Ports of the Volga River / Russian Federation